Wednesday, October 24, 2012

OT intervention for autism; case example - 1


At  4 years of age, Hari  was brought to  us with the complaints of  repeating words all the time, not able to speak in sentences, not mingling much with peers, not being imaginative in play, not showing hand preference yet, not eating all kinds of food, restricts many textures and touch of others, etc. He was diagnosed before to have speech and language delay and was treated by a communication therapist for a couple of months. On occupational therapy observation and evaluation, he was found to be markedly tactile defensive and had problems in bilateral integration and sequencing. Hari was an active, happy child with good comprehension and was intrinsically motivated to play.

Our immediate goal in working with Hari was to address tactile defensiveness in order help him maintain optimal arousal level even in the tactile rich environment as in play ground or in class room   activities involving peer touch and to address oromotor issues such as problems in suck- swallow- breath(SSB) synchrony, oral sensitivity shown through non acceptance to brush teeth, put water in and around mouth, eat fruits or any other sticky soft textured food, highly restricted choice of taste, etc.

He was under our occupational therapy intervention since two and a half months having three sessions per week.  Most of his sessions started with activities of his choice modified to give large amounts of deep pressure and proprioceptive inputs followed by enhanced tactile experiences. The latter half of the session focused on improving oral motor skills followed by a ten min work out on language and academic skills.

Within this period of intervention, Hari has shown good improvements in accepting to be exposed to and play with materials like clay, wet sand, oil, rough textured mats, etc, which used to evoke high defensive reactions previously  that as expressed through high pitched voice, tip toe standing, avoidance of touch, etc. Hari’s mother reported that he has started hugging his cousins and grandparents and playing with children in groups for 5 to 10 min. He still has problems in brushing teeth, washing face, wearing slippers instead of shoes, etc, which we are hoping would get better with further therapy.  


Focus of Discussion:

                Hari is brought into our discussion especially to share our views on his oromotor skill development.  Apart from oral sensitivity issues, he had problems in sucking food stuffs from within his cheeks, using his tongue appropriately to move food within his mouth, licking lollipops and sucking in the juice with proper lip closure, etc. These problems are the results of his inadequate Suck- Swallow- Breath Synchrony which seemed to interfere in his speech too.  We used a wash cloth dipped in juice to train suck-swallow pattern with lip closure. The juice dipped cloth was kept in his cheeks and he was taught to suck and swallow the juice from the cloth without taking the cloth out from the mouth. This was later generalized to eating, drumstick, sugar cane, etc. This helped him to learn to create a negative pressure inside his mouth which resulted in better sucking, chewing, and tongue lateralization within a week of intervention.

Note:     The same technique was tried in four other children with similar problem in SSB synchrony. All of them showed reasonable improvements which show that, using wet cloth to teach sucking might help improve oromotor skills in children with oromotor integration.  

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